Friday, January 11, 2013

Chanfana

So, the Christmas holidays are over and I am back here to share my discoveries about Portuguese cuisine. I have never tried the dish that I am going to talk about - chanfana -, but I liked the story behind it. Well, actually stories, in plural, because it turns out that the origin of the dish is not so clear. Anyway, Portugal has recently voted on its Seven Gastronomical Wonders and chanfana was shortlisted for the best meat dish category (although finally beaten by leitão - suckling pig) (1). I think it's quite trustworthy guarantee that the dish is worth trying.
Chanfana (the Portuguese Goat roast/stew) is a traditional dish in the center of Portugal, Beira Litoral Province. Although the chanfana is also well-known in Coimbra, the capital of the province, the actual birth place of this dish is in Vila Nova de Poiares - if the legends are correct (2). However, the dish is even so important in this region that every April a festival called "Capital of chanfana" is organized in Miranda do Corvo. The goal of the festival is to draw attention to local traditions and gastronomy and the way how to preserve it (3).
In the original recipe is used goat meat, but nonetheless, there are certain places in the Beira Litoral Province that use billy-goat, instead, such as – for instance – Coimbra. And then it didn’t take long for people to replace the goat for mutton, lamb, goatling or whatever suited their fancy, so nowadays you can actually find chanfana of about any kind of meat you can think of (2). In Miranda do Corvo there are two unique dishes derived from chanfana: a sopa de casamento and negalho. Although chanfana is typical for several municipalities in the Beira Litoral, a sopa de casamento and negalho are only made ​​in Miranda de Corvo. For a sopa de casamento are used leftovers of chanfana and for negalho goat entrails that are not used for making chanfana (1).
The story of the chanfana dish got tangled with the French Invasions during the Napoleonic campaigns in Europe in the 19th Century, so the versions of the story shift, although the basis remain basically the same. In August 1810 the French Troops invaded Portugal, pushing the English and Portuguese troops all the way to Buçaco, in the Beira Litoral Province. Eventually they pushed the troops south, remaining in the Central Region for about 3 years. During that time, as it was normal back then, they pillaged the surrounding areas, taking everything they could find, that included the animals, but they left behind the old goats and billy-goats, because they found they weren’t good to eat, since it was tough meat. So, the most common version says that the Portuguese people had to make due with what they left, the old animals and they found a way to cook it, so that it would taste better and also the meat was tender. For that they used red wine, lots of it (2).
But another version tells that was not what happened. What happened was that there a Monastery in Semide, which is part of Vila Nova de Poiares in Miranda do Corvo, where the nuns displeased with the state of things, invasions and invaders and pillages and the likes, decided to kill all the animals they had and cook them, so the French couldn’t have them. And apparently according to this version, all the animals they had were old goats, by the looks of it. But here is where the stories differ: by one account, the Frenchmen, to get back at the population or the nuns, had poisoned the waters, so the nuns had no water to cook; another account mentions, that actually who poisoned the waters were the nuns, so the Frenchmen had no water. No matter which version is accurate, the matter is that they didn’t have water to cook, so instead they used red wine (2).
Finally, a more peaceful version of the events leaves out the Frenchmen and just mentions that actually the farmers and shepherds around the Monastery had to pay a rent each year. Many of them paid the rent in kind, depending on what they had, so a lot of them had wine, so they paid in wine, others had goats and so on and so forth. Now, the nuns didn’t have the time or the expertise to keep a large herd, so they found a way to cook the meat in a manner that actually preserved the meat for a long time. Once the goat was cooked, the nuns stored the meat in its original cooking recipients in the fresh cellars of the monastery. The roasted/stewed goat meat cooked in the red wine was preserved in the solified gravy from the cooking for several months (2).
One more interesting fact about chanfana is that it's not cooked in ordinary pan or pot, traditionally the black clay pot from Olho Marinho in Vila Nova de Poiares is used for that. Of course this pot is not obligatory for making chanfana but it is said that the dish tastes much better if you use it (2).

No comments:

Post a Comment